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Whiplash FAQs
What are
the most common symptoms of whiplash injury?
How long
does a typical whiplash injury take to heal?
What's
the best way to treat a whiplash injury?
What are
the risk factors for long-term injury from a rear-end collision?
Can a
low speed collision (less than 10 mph) result in injury?
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What are the most common
symptoms of whiplash?
There are some symptoms
that are present in nearly every case of whiplash. The following is a list
of the ten most-reported symptoms, with their estimated prevalence:
Neck pain (97%)
Headache (97%)
Shoulder pain (65%)
Anxiety (55%)
Back pain (42%)
Depression (41%)
Visual symptoms (35%)
Thoracic outlet syndrome (33%)
Dizziness (23%)
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How long does a typical
whiplash injury take to heal?
It depends. First of all,
there is no such thing as a typical whiplash injury. There are so many different
variables (see risk factors, below) involved in a collision that it's not
uncommon for two people to be in the same vehicle, and suffer different degrees
of injury.
Therefore, the healing
time also varies greatly. Some people who have experienced a rear-end collision
may suffer symptoms for just a few hours. Most people seem to recover in around
six weeks. But the medical literature consistently shows that a significant
percentage of people -- around one out of three experience some kind of long-term
symptoms after a crash.
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What's the best way
to treat a whiplash injury?
It depends on the severity
of the injury and the patient's needs. Very few whiplash injuries require
surgical treatment or a hospital stay, but many whiplash patients go the emergency
room as their first treatment, especially if the collision was severe.
Drugs are often prescribed
for whiplash patients, and they can be useful for short-term relief of pain.
Long-term use of medications, however, can lead to dependency, and they drugs
themselves do not help the injured tissues heal.
The key to long-term
health of the soft-tissues after injury is mobilization of the affected areas.
This is best accomplished with spinal manipulation and muscular
therapy, either alone or in combination.
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What are the risk factors
for long-term injury from a rear-end collision?
There are hundreds of
them. A recent engineering study attempted to predict which variables would
result in injury in their test occupants exposed to low speed crashes. Even
when taking into account 18 different measurable factors, their predictions
were only 70% accurate.
Over the past twenty
years, researchers have compiled a list of factors and variables believed
to influence the risk of injury.
- The angle of the collision.
- The speed and size
of the vehicles involved.
- Road conditions.
- Occupant head position.
- Gender. Women are more
likely to be injured than are men.
- Occupant awareness.
An occupant who is aware of the impending impact is less likely to suffer
long-term consequences, as they have time to "brace" themselves for the
impact, lessening the severity of injury to the soft-tissues of the neck.
- The proper use of head
restraints.
- Safety belts. Some
researchers have suggested that seatbelts may increase the risk of injury
in rear-end collision. (NOTE: Seat belts save many lives each year, and
the potential life-saving ability of seatbelts far outweighs the slight
risk of increased injury during a "minor" collision. You should always wear
your seatbelt.)
- Secondary collisions.
- Direct body impact.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Medical history. Pre-existing
health conditions can increase the risk of injury.
- Pain onset. Generally,
when symptoms appear immediately after the collision, healing takes longer.
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Can a low speed collision
(less than 10 mph) result in injury?
Yes. Nearly all engineers
refuse to conduct rear-end test collisions over 5 mph because of the possibility
of injury to the test occupants.
For many years in the
scientific community, it was believed that injury was impossible in low speed
collisions, since the typical motion of the head seen during a higher speed
collision did not occur. In the last few years, however, a whole new body
of literature has shown that the cervical spine may actually be more at risk
from a low speed collision than a higher speed collision.
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